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Authors
Hbibi, Abdelhadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-388X
Halal, Siham
Sikkou, Khadija https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-6617
Atieh, Momen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9491
Ben Jelloun, Souhail
Cherkaoui, Amine
Ghoul, Sonia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1460-8191
Hanine, Yasmine
Kadri, Ghita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-5664
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 14 August 2026
First Online: 9 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research (CERB) of Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Morocco (approval number CERB 170 − 24). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable ethical guidelines and regulations. Before accessing the questionnaire, participants received information about the study objectives, the voluntary nature of participation, anonymity, and confidentiality. Because the survey was anonymous and participation was voluntary, completion and submission of the questionnaire were considered to indicate implied informed consent. Data were collected using LimeSurvey in anonymous response mode, and no IP addresses or referrer links were stored.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
