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Authors
Torky, Mohamed S.
AboElHassan, Rewaa G.
Azer, Amir S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (Approval no. 0919-05/2024; approved on 20 May 2024). This was an in vitro study conducted on dental models and did not involve human participants or human tissues; therefore, informed consent to participate was not required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
