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Authors
Doğan, Andaç https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-2051
Akın, Muhammet https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4225-3414
Gümrükçü, Zeynep https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2218
Doğan, Dilara Sevinç https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6508-0312
Karabağ, Mert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1387-4367
Balaban, Emre https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5399-2152
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi , Türkiye (Project No: TSA-2025-2245)
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2026
Accepted: 11 September 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University (Decision No: 2025/356; Document No: E-40465587–050-1691; Approval Date: 01 August 2025). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.No newly acquired patient data, clinical records, or institutional cone-beam computed tomography images were used in this study. The mandibular bone model was generated from computed tomography data obtained from the Visible Human Project, provided by the National Library of Medicine, USA. Therefore, additional patient-specific informed consent was not applicable. The National Library of Medicine and the Visible Human Project were acknowledged as the source of the anatomical data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study did not include identifiable personal data, clinical photographs, or patient-specific information requiring consent for publication.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
