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Authors
Wang, Chun-Li
Chu, Wei-Min
Hsu, Chiann-Yi
Lee, Lung-Chun
Hsu, Pi-Shan
Lin, Chia-Yen
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (IRB No. CE20362A, approved on December 2, 2020). Written informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
