Crowe, Ashleen
McCauley, Rachel
Corcoran, Yvonne
Reid, Joanne
Price, Jayne
Kiernan, Gemma
Courtney, Eileen
McConnell, Tracey
McNeilly, Patricia
Lambert, Veronica
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Higher Education Authority (HEA) North-South Research Programme, Shared-Island-Fund, on behalf of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research Innovation and Science (CO-DECIDE)
Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of Dublin City University (DCUREC/2022/252), Children’s Health Ireland (REC-275-23), LauraLynn Children’s Hospice (LLEC 12 Version 3 27032023), Jack and Jill Children’s Foundation Nursing Sub-Committee Group (06/03/2023) and Queen’s University Belfast (REC 6, Ref:23/WA/0086). All participants provided written informed voluntary consent prior to participating in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.