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Authors
Shimul, Md. Monir Hossain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-3265
Dowel, Israt Jahan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5189-5559
Roy, Pujita https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7693-9232
Sufian, Abu https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6358-4108
Ahmed, Tanvir R. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0589-5620
Majumder, Deepta https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5897-4645
Hossain, Md. Kamrul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-8701
Khandker, Salamat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-5905
Khan, Salim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6772-9854
Khan, Hafiz T.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-3730
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Approval Reference: FHLSREC/DIU/2024/SMIG-71). Compliance with ethical standards, including participant safety, data confidentiality, and adherence to international guidelines was ensured. Participants were provided with a detailed information sheet in Bengali and English, outlining the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to data collection. Participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity and informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without repercussions. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and ensured no coercion or exploitation of vulnerable groups.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
