Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Sadler, Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-0424
Callaghan, Steven https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4411-3898
AlSawafi, Aza https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3186-6014
Rayala, Spandana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-4732
Alghamdi, Wejdan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7327-9531
Marinetto, Anna https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5490-7761
Lazzarin, Pierina https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5925-870X
Khan, Saadiya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-607X
AlGhamdi, Khaled https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-6365
Ahmad, Fawad https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0383-5463
Alhuthil, Raghad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-0452
Alyami, Hamad Hussain
Al-Dabbous, Tala https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-1391
AlHarrasi, Nidhal
AlBattashi, Maryam
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study received ethics approval from the Institutional Review Boards of King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Saudi Arabia (Reference #2231292), the Royal Hospital, Oman (MoH/CSR/25/28758), and the Bayt Abdallah Hospice, Kuwait (MoH 2025/2820). Informed consent was obtained from all participating healthcare providers and the children’s legal guardians, and minor assent was obtained from children aged 7 and above. Due to the minimal risks involved in the study, the IRBs granted a waiver of signed consent; verbal consent was documented in the children’s medical records. The research was conducted in adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
