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Authors
Long, Yining
Tan, Minghui
Xia, Qin
Xu, Zhongyuan
Ding, Jinfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Central South University Graduate Independent Exploration and Innovation Project (2025ZZTS0413)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was exempted by the Institutional review boards of the Central South University because the research is a study of existing data sets, the US Health and Retirement Study, which are publicly available.Not applicable. This study uses publicly available secondary data.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data. The consent for publication is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
