Lucchese, Stephanie
Magcalas, Julia
Sussman, Tamara
Hunter, Paulette V.
Wickson-Griffiths, Abigail
Thompson, Genevieve
Venturato, Lorraine
Rivas, Vanessa Maradiaga
Kaasalainen, Sharon
Funding for this research was provided by:
Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (Grant No. 3316)
Manitoba Health Research Council (Grant No. PHE-141804)
Alberta Innovates Health Solutions (Grant No. 10012108)
Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (06718)
Extendicare Canada
Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for this study was granted by five University Research Ethics Boards (Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board #0427; Brock University Bioethics Research Board #15–102; University of Manitoba Research Ethics Board – HS18947 H2015:347; Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board – 15-2277; University of Saskatchewan Behavioral Research Ethics Board #15–270) across the four participating provinces. This study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration’s ethical principles for research involving human participants. Written and verbal informed consent was sought from all participants prior to engaging in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.