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Authors
Zhou, Yujie
Kang, Yubiao
Zhu, Qiuchen
Dong, Shan
Wang, Danruo
Yan, Tingting
Yuan, Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Nursing Research Key Project of Nanjing Gulou Hospital (2024-A1386)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (Ethics Approval No. 2024-853-01). The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, adhering to relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
