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Article History

Received: 19 May 2026

Accepted: 10 August 2026

First Online: 28 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was conducted using data collected from patients' medical records, with no direct patient contact. The study received approval on January 26, 2024 from the relevant local Ethics Committee, a Comité de Protection des Personnes (CPP) [Comité d’éthique de recherche AP-HP Centre, reference number IOGR0010044]: «  Après avoir confirmé que la recherche envisagée n’était pas une recherche impliquant la personne humaine au sens de la loi française n° 2012–300 du 5 mars 2012 relative aux recherches impliquant la personne humaine, et après avoir reçu des compléments d’information satisfaisants à la suite des remarques qu’il avait émises, le comité a rendu un avis favorable le 20 novembre 2023 »The study was conducted in accordance with the French Reference Methodology MR-004 for research involving the reuse of health data. Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) had declared its compliance with MR-004 to the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL).In accordance with French regulations applicable to MR-004 studies, written informed consent to participate was not required. Patients were informed of the use of their data for research purposes and were given the opportunity to object to the use of their data (non-opposition procedure). Only data from patients who did not object were included in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.