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Article History

Received: 3 August 2026

Accepted: 10 August 2026

First Online: 14 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study protocol was presented to the Medical Ethical Research Committee of the Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam (registration number: MEC-2023-0151). The Committee concluded that the study was not subject to the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO). This study is registered in the Trial Register , number: NCT06350968. Relevant parties will be informed about important modifications on this protocol. Data collection will be in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Data collected for the analyses cannot be traced to individual patients by the coordinating investigators because the data will be anonymized by the local investigators who provide the data.All care provided within this project is usual care, including advance care planning conversations.Participants can withdraw at any time for any reason. Interviews will be conducted on the location of the participant’s choice: the hospital where the interviewee works or online.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.