Maulingin-Gumbaketi, Elizabeth http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8772-2799
Larkins, Sarah http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-3202
Gunnarsson, Ronny http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-3072
Rembeck, Gun http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-5150
Whittaker, Maxine http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-2991
Redman-MacLaren, Michelle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-7733
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government (AU) scholarship (Scholar ID 9524)
Article History
Received: 7 July 2020
Accepted: 17 February 2021
First Online: 8 April 2021
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Papua New Guinea Medical Research and Advisory Council (reference number: MRAC13.40) of National Department of Health, Papua New Guinea and the Human Research Ethics Committee (reference: H5317) of James Cook University, Australia. All participants gave consent before participating in the study. Written consents were obtained from those able to read and write. Women unable to sign (illiterate and old women) gave their fingerprints as a consent for study (as approved by ethics committee). Parental consent was obtained for participants under the age of 18 years as per the approved ethics process. Written information sheet and consent forms were sent to each participant before the study to read, understand and make an informed decision to participate in the study.
: Talah Laurie consented for her artwork and design (Fig. InternalRef removed) and Gabbie Felix consented for his photo (Fig. InternalRef removed) to be used in this manuscript.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.