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Article History

Received: 8 June 2020

Accepted: 15 April 2021

First Online: 21 April 2021

Declarations

:

: We received approval from the Keio University Panel Data Research Center to use the KHPS data for our research (Approval No. 1322: Data ID 156-JHPS/KHPS2004-2018). The center also provided the completely anonymized data. According to Japan’s Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research, this study did not require ethical approval. The study complied with Keio University’s data use policy and Japan’s Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.