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Article History

Received: 2 March 2023

Accepted: 4 November 2023

First Online: 16 November 2023

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval for this study was granted by the University of Cape Town, Human Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences (Ref: (#766/2018). All participants provided informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: U.W. serves on the External Consultant Board for the “NIH Preclinical Screening Platform for Pain”, a novel pre-clinical pain therapy screening platform that has been launched at the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke in the U.S. In her capacity as a special government employee of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), she has served as a voting member of the FDA Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory Committee. In the past 3 years she has received compensation for serving on advisory boards or for consulting activities for Aphrodite Health Inc., Wilmington, DE, Avenue Therapeutics Inc., New York, NY, Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Leverkusen, Germany, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT and Syneos Health, Morrisville, NC, all unrelated to the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.