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Article History

Received: 25 July 2024

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 4 June 2025

Declarations

:

: According to the Helsinki Declaration, complete the following ethics committee review and approval. This study involving human participants has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the National Center for Health Statistics. Approval numbers: Protocol # 98–12 (NHANES 1999–2004) and Protocol # 2005–06 (NHANES 2005–2006). The patient/participant provided written informed consent to participate in this study. The Jining Medical University Hospital Ethics Committee approved this single-center cross-sectional study (approval number: 2022C064).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.