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Article History

Received: 1 July 2023

Accepted: 23 May 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study received ethical approval by being part of the nationally approved Project i.e., World Vision Ethiopia’s E4Y (Engaged, Educated, Empowered Ethiopian Youth) project. In addition, the University of Gondar’s Research Ethics Review Board provided ethical clearance to the study after reviewing its proposal, tools, funding source, etc. The University of Gondar’s Research Ethics Review Board cleared the study to have contained no health, social, or personal harm to participants, their communities, or the environment.We confirm that all procedures and methods in the study were performed per the relevant guidelines and regulations. During fieldwork, study participants and their parents or legal guardians – for those under the legal age of 18 – provided verbal and signed informed consent for participation beforehand. The University of Gondar’s Research Ethics Review Board had approved oral consent for parents or legal guardians and participants considering many reside in remote villages with very low literacy levels.

: The manuscript does not contain any person’s data in any form. This is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.