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Article History

Received: 18 April 2025

Accepted: 12 September 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study received ethical approval from the University of Health and Allied Sciences Research Ethics Committee (UHAS-REC) under reference number UHAS-REC A.4 [040]23–24. Before initiating data collection, formal permission was sought from each university. Consent was documented via signatures or thumbprints, with verbal consent encouraged to address any uncertainties. Participants’ confidentiality was protected using pseudonyms, and all data were securely stored in an encrypted, password-protected database, accessible only to the Principal Investigators and the research supervisor. This approach adhered to ethical standards, ensuring participant protection and data integrity throughout the research process.There were no identified risks associated with participation in this study. While there were no direct benefits to participants, the findings were expected to influence policies to the benefit of individuals at each university. To maintain participant confidentiality, names and details of participants were not linked to the data analysis and findings to ensure anonymity. Furthermore, data management, storage, analysis, and reporting were conducted using codes to avoid exposing the details of the participants, thus ensuring anonymity. Confidentiality was strictly maintained, and information about participants was not disclosed to anyone.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.