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Authors
Zhu, Xiaoye
Zou, Jinghui
Wu, Hangyu
Teng, Jie
Chen, Hongna
Lu, Fanglin
Wang, Yingnan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Program Project of Ningbo (No. 202003N4286)
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized de-identified, publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Center approved the NHANES protocol for the Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent. Detailed approval information is available on the NHANES website: .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
