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Authors
Cheng, Nuo
Li, Xia
Jin, Zhuo
Liu, Yuxia
Wang, Aiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2024 National Project Support Program of the School of Nursing, China Medical University (2024-FC5)
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Science Research Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University on March 11, 2025 (approval number [2025]135) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
