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Authors
Maindo Alongo, Mike-Antoine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-6783
Juakali Sihalikyolo, Jean-Jeanntot
Batina Agasa, Salomon
Labama Otuli, Noël https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-7740
Missimbu Mayindu, Sarah
Antony Ilongosi, Bienvenu
Bamawa Bahaisi, Louise
Katenga Bosunga, Gédeon
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (as per the version active during approval, 2013, updated in 2024). Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee, Comité Provincial d’Ethique de la Santé de la Division Provinciale de Santé de la TSHOPO (Approval No. 701/FBL/DPS/TSHOPO/SEC/0173/2023), and from the national ethics committee, Comité National d’Ethique de la Santé (Approval No. 531/CNES/BN/PMMF/2024). Prior to their inclusion in the study, written informed consent was obtained from all participants. In the event of refusal, the file was reclassified following the conclusion of treatment.
: Before disclosing the results, each patient was required to sign a consent form authorising the publication of de-identified data. Consent for the publication of identifiable images or other personal or clinical details of participants that may compromise anonymity is not applicable for this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
