Karki, Rita Devi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-2767
Subedi, Govind https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1944-202X
Shrestha, Bidhya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-6355
Lamichhane, Kamala Devi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9282-414X
Karki, Tek Mani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-7717
Article History
Received: 10 June 2024
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The Nepal NDHS data were open access to researchers and available upon request. We received permission from through online registration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.