Orlicky, David J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-1400
Smith, E. Erin
Kuhn, Aidan
DuBois, Helen
Hilton, Ashley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-1248
Grado, Lizbeth
Guess, Marsha K.
Rascoff, Lauren G.
Arruda, Jaime S.
Hutchinson-Colas, Juana A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1970-5997
Johnson, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-8089
Connell, Kathleen A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Department of Pathology
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PI: Connell, 1R21HD089555-01)
Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation. Tissue was collected with the approval of the Colorado Multiple Institution Review Board (COMIRB #15-2245) and the Rutgers Institutional Review Board (#Pro20160001312). All subjects agreed to and signed a written informed consent form prior to collection of any tissues. This form was approved by the Colorado Multiple Institution Review Board (COMIRB #15-2245) and the Rutgers Institutional Review Board (#Pro20160001312).
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.