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Article History

Received: 27 March 2025

Accepted: 29 January 2026

First Online: 5 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study obtained ethical approval in 2016 from the Institutional Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and the National Bioethics Committee of Mozambique (Ref: IRB00002657). All ethical recommendations and guidelines were rigorously observed. All methods applied in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Formal authorization for the survey was issued by the Ministry of Health, followed by approvals from provincial and community authorities. Participants, who were survivors of DV, were fully informed about the survey’s objectives and procedures before voluntarily providing consent, confirmed through signed consent forms. For those survivors younger than 18 years, written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians and assent was obtained from the adolescents.Confidentiality was strictly maintained by coding all survey questionnaires with unique identification numbers and securely storing all collected data.

: Not applicable, considering that this study did not include clinical details, clinical images or other identifiable participant data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.