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Article History

Received: 9 December 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study conducted a secondary analysis of anonymized data; there is no need for additional research ethical approval and clearance. The study team got approval and utilized the publicly accessible, de-identified dataset from the Demographic and Health Survey program ( ). The detail on ethical approval has been described in the full original NDHS 2022 report.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.