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Authors
Lee, Su Min
Jung, Sung Mi
Ryu, Jai Min
Chae, Byung Joo
Yu, Jonghan
Lee, Jeong Eon
Kim, Seok Won
Nam, Seok Jin
Lee, Se Kyung
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center (IRB file no. 2020-06-012). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical data, including demographic factors, pathologic findings, and perioperative treatment were collected from the electronic medical records. Signed informed consent from the patients was not required.
: Not applicable. This manuscript dose not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form (including images, videos, or detailed case descriptions).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
