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Authors
Kantipudi, Suvarna Jyothi
Senoga, Umar
Nalubwama, Hadija
Barageine, Justus K.
Korn, Abner P.
El Ayadi, Alison M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD106002)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: Study procedures were reviewed and approved by the University of California San Francisco Institutional Review Board (IRB# 19-27901), the Mulago Hospital Research and Ethics Committee (MHREC# 1674), and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS 2706). All participants provided written confirmation of informed consent. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: No individual participant’s data is included in this manuscript in a manner that would allow for personal identification. All data are presented in aggregate form, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
