Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Accepted: 20 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No.: IIT2025-037). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University based on the following justifications: (1) the study’s retrospective design, which involved no direct interaction with subjects and no collection of new biological specimens; (2) all data were derived from anonymized and de-identified medical records, sourced from the hospital’s information center and a third-party data platform (Yiduyun), thereby precluding the identification of individual patients; (3) the study posed no additional risks or burdens to subjects, as it required no further examinations, interventions, or follow-up visits; and (4) stringent data protection measures, including encrypted storage, access control, and confidentiality training for personnel, were implemented to safeguard patient information throughout the research process. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.