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Authors
Adejumo, Ridwan Suleiman
Gbadebo, Babatunde Makinde
Akinyemi, Joshua Odunayo
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: Our study is based on secondary data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), which was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with UNICEF. The data are publicly available and fully anonymized; therefore, we did not require formal ethical approval. We conducted our analysis in accordance with the ethical standards of our institution and the principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.
: We used secondary data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with UNICEF. Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the original data-collecting agency. We did not collect any new data, and all the data used in this study were fully anonymized before our analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
