Peltzer, Karl
Pengpid, Supa
Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The DHS Program’s publicly accessible, de-identified secondary data served as the foundation for this study. The 2024 ZDHS received prior ethics approval from both the Institutional Review Board of ICF and the Tropical Diseases Research Center in Zambia, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and participants provided written informed consent. Further ethical approval was not necessary because this study used secondary analysis of anonymised, publically accessible data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.