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Authors
Koivurova, Sari
Makelä-Kaikkonen, Johanna
Laru, Johanna
Ohtonen, Pasi
Uimari, Outi
Niinimäki, Maarit
Rautio, Tero
Terho, Anna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Oulu
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
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: As the study was mainly based on retrospective hospital register-based data, no consents of participation in addition to ethics committee approval were needed. Regarding NRS and EHP-30 questionnaires, all patients were sent an informed consent form by mail and those responding to the questionnaires with a signed consent form were included in the analyses.
: Prof. Tero Rautio is a surgical consultant for Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
: This study was approved by the regional medical research ethics committee of the Wellbeing services county of North Ostrobothnia, date 14th July 2020, ref 179/2020. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki criteria.
