Tomori, Michael O.
Ogunwemimo, Hassan
Adedini, Sunday A.
Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2026
First Online: 4 July 2026
Declarations
:
: This study used secondary analysis of publicly available data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys 2008–2018. Permission to access the data was granted by the DHS Program. All DHS surveys are approved by the Institutional Review Board of ICF International and by Nigeria’s National Health Research Ethics Committee, and are conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Because the data were fully de-identified, no additional ethical approval was required for this analysis.Written informed consent was obtained from all original survey participants by the DHS at the time of data collection. No further consent was needed for this secondary analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.