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Authors
Naveed, Razia
Khawaja, Zainab
Khan, Adnan Ahmad
Ayaz, Tazleem
Rehman, Hania
Rasheed, Saad Ibrahim
Khawaja, Ayza Sadaf
Hughes, Kirsty
Bazirete, Oliva
Lopes, Sofia Castro
Turkmani, Sabera
Nove, Andrea
Forrester, Mandy
Homer, Caroline S. E.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV—033046)
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2023
Accepted: 14 July 2026
First Online: 25 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approval was obtained from Research and Development Solutions (RADS) Institutional Review Board – ref IRB00010843 Islamabad, Pakistan.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
