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Authors
Takeda, Jun
Takeshima, Tomomi
Iwasaki, Kosuke
Sonoyama, Yohei
Honda, Natsumi
Niida, Hiromichi
Koga, Kaori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-4120
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nippon Shinyaku (N/A)
Nippon Shinyaku (N/A)
Nippon Shinyaku (N/A)
Nippon Shinyaku (N/A)
Nippon Shinyaku (N/A)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the Japanese government, which were established in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study used only pre-existing anonymized information provided by DeSC Healthcare, Inc. According to Chap. 3 (Scope) of these Ethical Guidelines, research using only pre-existing anonymously processed information is outside the scope of the Guidelines. Therefore, institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were not required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: JT has received honoraria from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. TT and KI are employed by Milliman Inc., which has received consultancy fees from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. YS, NH, and HN are employed by Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. KK has received honoraria from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.
