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Authors
Zhang, Xuhui https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2418-2872
Yuan, Jingchuan
Zhang, Xiaoling
Dong, Yinjing
Cao, Yaonan
Song, Ge
Jiang, Yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Science Research Project of Hebei (20251111)
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 1 October 2026
First Online: 5 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients had provided written informed consent for routine ART treatment at the time of clinical procedure, which explicitly authorized secondary use of de‑identified clinical and laboratory data for retrospective clinical research. All datasets for analysis were fully anonymized without personal identifiers. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang (approval number: 20240022).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
