Wu, Mei-Yao
Huang, Ming-Cheng
Liao, Hou-Hsun
Chiang, Jen-Huai
Lee, Yu-Chen
Hsu, Chung-Y
Sun, Mao-Feng
Yen, Hung-Rong http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0131-1658
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Medical University (the Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of Education, Taiwan)
Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial and Research Center of Excellence (MOHW107-TDU-B-212-123004)
the Health and Welfare surcharge of tobacco product, China Medical University Hospital Cancer Research Center of Excellence (MOHW107-TDU-B-212-114-24)
China Medical University Hospital (DMR-107-004)
Article History
Received: 8 August 2018
Accepted: 26 November 2018
First Online: 22 December 2018
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CMUH104-REC2–115) and also the National Health Research Institute, the data holder of the NHI database. The patient consent was exempted for the total anonymity of all research data in this study.
: Not applicable in this section.
: The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection, analyses, result interpretation or publication of this study. This study was based in part on data from the NHIRD, provided by the NHIA, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare and was managed by National Health Research Institutes. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein do not represent those of the National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, or National Health Research Institutes. All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.