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Article History

Received: 30 January 2019

Accepted: 16 April 2019

First Online: 7 May 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This study was reviewed and approved by the independent Ethics Committee of Sri Rama Hospital (ECR/184/Indt/KA /2014). All clinical study participants provided written informed consent before the study.

: Not applicable.

: Authors RM and SJ, who conducted the biochemical analysis, are employed by a non-profit educational institution and have no conflict of interest. Akay Flavours & Aromatics, the makers of the PCE nutraceutical ingredient, employs JM and KIM. Life Extension, a dietary supplement company that sells finished products containing PCE, employs DKS and AGS. JM and KIM were involved in developing the specifications for and commercialization of PCE, which is not patented. None of the authors own shares in Akay Flavours & Aromatics or Life Extension or stand to make any personal financial gains from the sale of PCE or products containing PCE. Akay Flavours & Aromatics and Life Extension are two completely unrelated entities with no financial ties to each other. Life Extension purchases dietary ingredients from Akay Flavours & Aromatics and did not contribute financially to this research project, but rather collaborated on a scientific level for data analysis and manuscript preparation.

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