Lestari, Beni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-0572
Utomo, Rohmad Yudi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-9417
Rahman, Faaza Aulia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8476-5120
Putri, Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-4346
Zulfin, Ummi Maryam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-0669
Suenaga, Yusuke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-5386
Meiyanto, Edy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-6322
Hippo, Yoshitaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-1812
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitas Gadjah Mada (7743/UN1.P.II/Dit-Lit/PT.01.03/2023)
Article History
Received: 26 September 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 19 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This study has passed ethical clearance with Ref. No. 162/UN1/KEP/FKG-RSGM/EC/2023 from The Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry—Prof Soedomo Dental Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
: All the authors agree with the content of the paper for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.