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Article History

Received: 31 March 2025

Accepted: 3 July 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025

Declarations

:

: N/A. This study strictly complied with relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, including the Biosecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulations on the Administration of Human Genetic Resources, the Regulations on the Bio-safety Management of Pathogenic Microbe Labs, and the Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste, in the acquisition, transportation, storage, and use of biological samples. The collected saliva samples only served as a substrate material to promote bacterial adhesion within the scope of this study. From acquisition to use, these samples posed no harm to human health, involved no sensitive personal information, and were unrelated to any commercial interests. It has been examined and evaluated by the Ethical Review Board of the Sixth Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, and the ethical review has been waived. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Human Genetic Resources and the Ethical Review Measures of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Participants. All the study procedures adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: N/A.

: The authors declare no competing interests.