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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Accepted: 28 July 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

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: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: CE declares that she is the Jacka Foundation Principal Research Fellow, Chair of the RACGP Integrative Medicine Specific Interest Network (voluntary role), Program Lead of an academic integrative healthcare centre (no financial interest), past GP Advisory Board member for Blackmores Research Institute, has received industry funding from nutraceutical and acupuncture device companies to conduct clinical trials, and has received honoraria and had travel expenses covered for presenting at complementary medicine events. As a medical research institute, NICM Health Research Institute receives research grants and donations from foundations, universities, government agencies, and industry. Sponsors and donors provide untied and tied funding for work to advance the vision and mission of the Institute. AM declares that she is a naturopathic practitioner at a clinic in Sydney, Australia. She is the recipient of a scholarship from the Jacka Foundation of Natural Therapies for her PhD. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.