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Article History

Received: 27 June 2024

Accepted: 14 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol adheres to the ethical guidelines outlined in the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki and received prior approval from our institution’s human research committee. Ethical approval was granted under the code IR.SUMS.REC.1401.473 by the Iran National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research, part of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education of Iran. Informed consent was obtained from all participants; by completing the questionnaires, participants indicated their consent to participate in the research. Data collection was conducted anonymously.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.