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Authors
Ya’u, Dahira Sani
Hamid, Habibah binti Abdul
Pauzi, Siti Farhana binti Md
Nasfy, Siti Nawwal Ahmad
Sulaiman, Norhasmah
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was sought from the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects at Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM) and the Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Sultaan Abdul-Aziz Shah (CRU HPUPM). The JKEUPM reference number is JKEUPM-2023-298. Approval and permissions were also sought from Hospital Putrajaya. The research was also registered with the National Medical Research Registry (NMRR) with the registration number NMRR ID-23-03283-YJ4. This study has adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Free and informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
