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Article History

Received: 11 December 2024

Accepted: 12 September 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This research is not a trial involving patients but a documentation of the ethnopharmacological knowledge on the healing properties of hot springs for knowledge preservation and correlation of ethnopharmacological knowledge through laboratory analysis of water samples. The College Research Committee, Royal University of Bhutan, chaired by the Dean of Research and Industrial Linkages is the Research Ethic Committee, the body responsible for the approval of local research. Therefore, we have obtained ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee (file uploaded) and have obtained verbal consent from all the informants who took part in the study (file uploaded). The verbal consent was used as the majority of the respondents could not read or write and did not want to provide their thump imprint. The Helsinki Declaration was followed as the respondents were informed of the right to refuse to participate in the research or to withdraw consent to participate at any time without reprisal. However, no one withdrew from the research as the participants felt that such knowledge should be documented. Guiding questions were used (file uploaded) during the interview.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.