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Authors
Christoper, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-4262
Herman, Herry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-858X
Abdulah, Rizky https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-6421
Zulhendri, Felix https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7881-1845
Popova, Milena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-9059
Trusheva, Boryana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-6111
Bankova, Vassya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-6313
Lesmana, Ronny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7425-915X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Padjadjaran
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the ARRIVE guidelines and the National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Padjadjaran (Number 822/UN6.KEP/EC/2022).
: Not applicable.
: FZ is affiliated with Kebun Efi. Kebun Efi produces propolis extracts of the Indonesian stingless bees. Kebun Efi had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript, or decision to publish the results. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
