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Authors
Chen, Chao-Tsung
Chen, Ta-Liang
Chang, Chuen-Chau
Wu, Pei-Ying
Chou, Yi-Sheng
Yeh, Chun-Chieh
Hsu, Chung-Hua
Liao, Chien-Chang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC112-2314-B-038-141)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in accordance with international guidelines and the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. As these reimbursement claims were used in this study, the electronic database was decoded with patient identifications scrambled for further academic access for research to protect privacy. Although the Ministry of Health and Welfare exempt such uses from informed consent, because patient identifications are decoded and scrambled. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB-201710033; TMU-JIRB-201902053; TMU-JIRB-201905042).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
