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Authors
Thepmalee, Chutamas
Nuntaboon, Piyawan
Songkrao, Angkana
Onsa-ard, Amnart
Suwannasom, Nittiya
Khoothiam, Krissana
Prommana, Rattapoom
Wonghempoom, Apiruck
Thim-uam, Arthid
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, University of Phayao
Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Fundamental Fund 2025
the School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Thailand
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Article History
Received: 7 September 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the University of Phayao’s Human Ethics Committee, Thailand (approval number HREC-UP-HSST 1.2/051/68) and was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. The fruits of S. nervosum were collected from their natural habitat on privately owned land in Phayao Province, Thailand, with verbal permission obtained from the landowner.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
