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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was carried out in full compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Mpumalanga (Reference Number: ( UMP/Matlala 220207089/SBES/MSc/2024/1 ). Additionally, authors obtained approval to collect data among traditional health practitioners and community members from the Traditional Health Practitioners Organization (THO) and Bakwena ba Mogopa Tribal Authority. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants involved in the study. The North-West Department of Economic Development, Environment, Conservation and Tourism permitted the collection of plants in the study area. In line with ethnobiological ethics and the Nagoya Protocol principles, the findings and outcomes of this study will be shared with the participating communities to ensure benefit-sharing and provide feedback on the documented plant knowledge.

: Not applicable.

: P.T Ndhlovu is a reviewer for the BMC journal.