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Authors
Zhou, Yibin
Zhang, Wenju
Chen, Jenny Jie
Liu, Jigang
Zhang, Xiaowei
Qiu, Fan
Li, Zhenying
He, Qingsen
Duan, Yaru
Li, Ping
He, Nana
He, Juan
Xu, Jiangyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Provincial Soft Science Research Project (No.262400410300)
Henan Provincial Soft Science Research Project (No.252400411233)
Henan Provincial Soft Science Research Project (No.262400410414)
Zhengzhou City Social Science Research Project (No.ZSLX20260834)
Key Project of the 2026 Cultural Revitalization Program of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (HZYXWH2026-4)
Youth Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, Ministry of Education (No.23YJCZH105)
Henan Provincial Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project (No.YJS2025AL83)
Henan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project (No. 2024CYY033)
National Key R&D Program of China (No.2020YFE0201800)
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Management and Science University (also known as the Management and Science University Ethics Committee), which operates under the Management and Science University (MSU), Malaysia. The ethics approval reference number is MSU-RMC-02/FR01/08/L3/013 (issued by the Research Management Centre of MSU). This study strictly adhered to ethical research standards. All participants provided informed consent before initiating the survey. A detailed consent statement, including information about study objectives, data handling, and the right to withdraw, was placed at the outset of the questionnaire. Consent was assumed upon voluntary completion and return of the questionnaire. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
