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Article History

Received: 9 March 2019

Accepted: 21 January 2020

First Online: 10 February 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University (No. 629 July 15, 2016, No. 666 November 18, 2016, No. 180091 June 28, 2018). Information regarding the study purpose, research methods, and the conditions and expected consequences of participating in the study were explained to all respondents in writing before data were collected. Written consent was not required since data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire from which the respondents could not be identified. The researcher did not have a direct relationship (i.e., instructor or supervisor) with any of the medical students and residents participating in this study at the time of data collection.

: Not Applicable.

: To the author’s knowledge, no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise, exits with respect to this work.