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Article History

Received: 5 June 2022

Accepted: 21 July 2023

First Online: 3 August 2023

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was taken from all the 38 ophthalmology bases of Guangdong province before September 2019 (the First affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, the Second affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, the Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, the Fifth affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Nanfang hospital of Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde hospital of Southern Medical University, the First affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, the First affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the Third affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, the First affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the First affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Second Provincial Hospital, Southern Theater Command General Hospital, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Shantou Central Hospital, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan People’s Hospital, the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, the First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Maoming People’s Hospital, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Yuebei Ppeople’s Hospital). This study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.

: Not applicable. This is a questionnaire survey for postgraduate ophthalmology residents. Potential participants were told that returning the form was indicative of informed consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.